How to Write a Novel. Part 6: Planning vs. Discovery
Summary
- Select an outlining approach based on your working style and the complexity of your novel.
- Try discovery writing to spark creativity, then apply structure during revision.
- Mix planning with surprises to keep your novel moving and interesting.
Outlining Approaches: From Beat Sheets to Loose Maps
Before writing, novelists consider their outlining approach. This ranges from highly detailed plans, sometimes called beat sheets, which map out every major scene and plot point, to much looser maps that sketch only major turning points and character arcs.
A detailed outline provides a clear roadmap, reducing uncertainty during drafting. A less structured approach allows for more spontaneity. Both methods aim to give direction.
To choose, consider your working style: do you work better with clear objectives or do you prefer to explore the uncertainty? Think about the complexity of your plot; intricate stories often benefit from more upfront planning, while character-driven narratives allow for more organic development.
Writing into the Unknown: Discovery Drafts
Some writers prefer writing into the unknown, embracing a discovery draft. This involves starting with a premise or characters and letting the story unfold as you write, without a preconceived outline.
The narrative emerges through the act of writing itself, with plot twists and character developments arising spontaneously. This method can lead to unexpected creativity and a sense of genuine surprise for the writer, which can translate to the reader.
A common pitfall is encountering a plot cul-de-sac, where the story simply can’t logically continue without significant backtracking. This approach often requires a substantial revision phase to impose structure.
Balancing Structure and Surprise
A successful novel benefits from balancing structure and surprise. Even with a detailed outline, leaving room for unexpected character choices or unforeseen plot developments injects vitality into the narrative.
Writers who prefer discovery apply structure in revision to shape the raw material into clear pacing, conflict, and character arcs. Think of structure not as a cage, but as a framework that supports tension and emotional payoffs.
A well-placed surprise within an expected arc can deepen impact, while applying external structural elements to spontaneous writing helps give the story clear direction. The key is to make use of both planning and discovery at different stages of your process to create a story that feels both well-crafted and alive.
Common Pitfalls in the Middle Stretch
The middle stretch of a novel, typically Act Two, is notorious for posing challenges for writers. Common pitfalls include a sagging plot, a loss of momentum, or characters who drift without clear purpose. This often happens because the initial excitement of the inciting incident has passed, and the climax feels far off.
To avoid these issues, focus on continually raising the stakes for your protagonist. Introduce new complications, escalate existing conflicts, and deepen character relationships. Ensure each scene pushes the narrative forward, adding pressure and revealing new information, preventing the story from losing its way in the expansive middle.
Whether you plan or write to discover, the real craft lies in learning when to follow a map and when to trust your instincts. The more you experiment with your style, the more you develop a personal compass that will keep moving you in the right direction.